EFFECT OF RESOURCES ON PROVISION OF HUMANITARIAN SERVICES BY NGOS IN TURKANA, KENYA

EFFECT OF RESOURCES ON PROVISION OF HUMANITARIAN SERVICES BY NGOS IN TURKANA, KENYA

Patrick Napion Ewoton
Master Degree in Public Administration and Policy Formulation of Turkana University College, Kenya

Prof. George Muthaa
Lecturer, Turkana University College, Kenya

Prof. Tom Nyamache
Lecturer, Turkana University College, Kenya

ABSTRACT

Non-Governmental organizations are initiated to support provision of humanitarian services. Turkana County is among the semi-arid regions of Kenya with the provision of humanitarian needs which has attracted many Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) over the years. Despite the NGOs implementing community development initiatives in Turkana, the area still experiences persistent dire need of humanitarian services. These needs are attributed to various factors that affect their operations and sustainability of programmes. There is, however, lack of empirical data to substantiate these socio-economic factors specifically in Turkana County. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of resources on provision of humanitarian services by NGOs in Turkana, Kenya. Correlation research design was used in this study in order to attain the study objectives. The Correlation research design makes it possible to concurrently measure a large number of variables and their interrelationships. The population of the study was subject to two Sub Counties, that is, Turkana Central (Lodwar town) with a population of 185,305 and Turkana West (Kakuma) with a population of 239,627 totaling to 424,932. A sample of 384 was selected and participants were picked using stratified random sampling. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaires. To ensure content validity the questionnaire was checked by the supervisors who are experts in research. To ensure reliability Cronbach Alpha technique was used to assess the consistency of data. Both quantitative and qualitative data analysis was used. Descriptive statistics was analyzed using mean, standard deviation, tables, percentages and figures to summarize data. For qualitative data, content analysis was used where data was organized in common themes. Inferential data analysis was done by the use of regression model to determine the strength of the relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variable. The research findings show that resources affect the provision of humanitarian services by non-governmental organizations in Turkana, Kenya positively and significantly (β=0.399, p-value=0.001<0.05). From the findings, the research concluded that resources are key in the provision of humanitarian services. Both monitory and manpower resources are needed coupled with well-functioning infrastructure in order to address the needs of the Turkana residents. Financing has been the hindrance to most of the NGOs in attending to emergencies and further hinders the NGOs in recruiting and maintaining manpower needed to enhance the provision of humanitarian services. From the findings, the study recommends that humanitarian organizations should attract more funding in order to widely and effectively engage in uplifting the Turkana dwellers. The availability of sufficient funds is essential because it will enable humanitarian organizations effectively service delivery to the affected communities. The study was beneficial to the following stakeholders; policy makers, community and future researchers among others.

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WOMEN’S WELFARE IN JUJA SUBCOUNTY, KENYA

WOMEN’S WELFARE IN JUJA SUBCOUNTY, KENYA

Francisca Kanini Sunkuli
Master of Development Studies, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya

Prof. M. M. Sakwa
Lecturer, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya

ABSTRACT

Inadequate participation in economic activities makes it difficult for individuals to provide for their daily needs pressurizing them to seek intervention from the government or well-wishers. To a greater extent, it is women who have been severely affected because of their pivotal role of taking close care of households and keeping a close relationship with children. Majority of the women have no access to mainstream banking either by choice, fate or due to deep rooted cultural and socioeconomic factors that for a long time have worked to the women’s disadvantage. The general objective of this study was to determine the socio-economic determinants of participation in table banking among women in Juja Sub-county, Kenya. The research examined how women welfare is affected by availability of funds and, groups’ leadership. The study was guided by Social Exchange theory and Pecking Order theory. The study used the descriptive research design. The target population of this study was 961 women groups participating in table banking in Juja Sub County. The sample was chosen using simple random sampling to participate in the study giving a sample size of 282 respondents. Primary data was obtained using self-administered questionnaires. The questionnaires were self-administered through drop and pick later method. All the questionnaires received were referenced and items in the questionnaire were coded to facilitate data entry. After data cleaning which entailed checking for errors in entry, descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, mean score, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation were estimated for all the quantitative variables and information presented in-form of tables and figures. The qualitative data from the open-ended questions was analyzed using content analysis. Inferential data analysis was done using multiple regression analysis. The study found that financial management had empowered them on setting aside money to take care of emergencies. The study also revealed that majority of the women believed that the group leaders were transparent and accountable and guided them well, but were not certain whether their group leaders were democratic and trustworthy. The study concluded that financial literacy had the greatest effect on participation in table banking on women’s welfare in Juja Sub County, followed by gender based obligations, then funds availability, then social capital, while group’s leadership had the least effect on the participation in table banking on women’s welfare in Juja Sub County. The study concluded that funds availability affected the participation in table banking on women’s welfare in Juja Sub County (β= 0.923, p=0.014<0.05). The study concluded that leadership (β= 0.653, p<0.010<0.05) affected the participation in table banking on women’s welfare in Juja Sub County. The study recommends that the government should establish policies to govern the operation of table banking; spelling out securitization of the practice. The study further recommends that groups should have access to fringe benefits such as ability to bank at zero rate charge; and loaning at relatively low interest rates than the real-time market rates. To enhance credit accessibility among table banking group members government development programs should ensure that members can access more funds for their entrepreneurial activities.

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FACTORS INFLUENCING WOMEN PARTICIPATION IN THE POLICY PROCESSES IN KILIFI COUNTY, KENYA

FACTORS INFLUENCING WOMEN PARTICIPATION IN THE POLICY PROCESSES IN KILIFI COUNTY, KENYA

Inyingi Japheth Koome
Student, Master Of Public Policy and Administration Of Kenyatta University, Kenya

Wilson Muna
Lecturer, Kenyatta University, Kenya

Daniel Mange
Lecturer, Kenyatta University, Kenya

ABSTRACT

Women participation in policy processes in Kenya is still far below the minimum one third public service requirement of Article 27(3) of the Constitution of Kenya. The study stemmed out of the need to assess factors affecting women participation in policy processes in Kenya, with a particular focus on Kilifi County. The proposal observed that women are central to the development process and their participation in policy processes was critical to unlocking the development potential of the nation. There was need to understand why despite subscribing and committing to international and local legal requirements, Kenya still lagged behind in women participation in policy processes. The study employed a descriptive study design and targeted women in the Kilifi County Government with a view to expose the challenges they faced in the participation of policy processes. The target population (N) was all 1828 women employees of the Kilifi County Government. Using a simple random sampling technique, a representative sample of sample 399.78 (n) was drawn from the population (N). The study collected data using other administered questionnaires that was preceded by a pre-test among five select women employees. Then code the questionnaire and prepare it for data entry and analysis. Numerical values are assigned to the responses on the Likert scale to make quantitative analysis possible. The answer forms a topic of analysis that is consistent with the variables and objectives of the investigation. The qualitative data obtained from the open project were also analyzed on the subject. The results of the analysis data are presented in the form of tables, bar graphs and pie charts. Findings indicate that a majority of respondents (47.8 %) had not participated in policy making processes. While the majority of women 72.5% disagreed that power and authority divinely belonged to men, a significant number (68.1%) were of the opinion that men and women were not treated equally. Opinion was however divided on whether the women felt that their voices counted when it came to policy making processes. An equal number 45.4% were in agreement and disagreement at the same. The study recommended among others that the Kilifi County Government should seek to empower more women to participate in policy processes in line with the affirmative action policies of the government. The government should also ensure that more women were mainstreamed in policy processes through recruitment, awareness creation and pursuit of policies that sought to equip women to take up leadership challenges. Since, the power imbalance in the County was too pronounced; the County government can take deliberate action to ensure that it develops a strategy that will oversee more women mainstreamed even without having to wait for the national assembly to adopt the two thirds gender rule.

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OUTCOME MAPPING AND QUALITY OF COMMUNITY HEALTH PROGRAMS MONITORING AND EVALUATION SEMINAR PAPER

OUTCOME MAPPING AND QUALITY OF COMMUNITY HEALTH PROGRAMS MONITORING AND EVALUATION SEMINAR PAPER

Anas Ali Dahir
PhD candidate, University Of Nairobi, Kenya

ABSTRACT

Purpose – This paper aimed at critically analyzing, five journal articles that have focused on the use of different outcome mapping which have arguably influenced the quality of community health programs, the study is premised on the fact that quality community health programs falls under social protection and safety nets programs, the use of outcome mapping influences the quality of health programs. Design/methodology/approach – Tsasis, Evans, Forrest and Jones (2013) uses complex adaptive system (CASs). Maturity model that requires an iterative design, Tucker and Blake (2008) employed a modified action research approach. Domlyn et al. (2021) used the participatory M&E tool Outcome Mapping (OM) to evaluate the development of our system in conjunction with other tools. Cronin et al. (2021) used exploratory Outcomes Partnership data model. Lastly, Landa-Avila et al., (2021) used novel mapping method. Findings - All the five articles agree that Outcome mapping may be used by leaders and managers as a tool for building the prerequisites to integrated care defined in the literature as a shared vision and a common understanding of how the vision will be realized. Indeed Domlyn et al. (2021) agrees that Coalitions saw value in the CTM’s productive dialogue and the shared understanding it created, but reported perceived burden in conducting repeated administration. Research limitations/implications – This research paper helps the researchers to recognize that there is a need and limitations in this area which need to look at in-depth way to generate knowledge which the end users like hospital managers can benefit how they could improve the quality of community health systems.. So far, little critical analysis has outlined the ways which can improve the quality of community health progarmms. Originality/value – Due to non-uniformity of the research methods used in the five articles and the variation in the study topics and population, the results cannot be used universally in terms of outcome mapping and quality of community health programs.

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INFLUENCE OF POLICE REFORMS ON MAINTENANCE OF LAW AND ORDER IN KENYA: A CASE STUDY OF NAKURU COUNTY

INFLUENCE OF POLICE REFORMS ON MAINTENANCE OF LAW AND ORDER IN KENYA: A CASE STUDY OF NAKURU COUNTY

Elvis Makokha

Moses M. Muthinja

ABSTRACT

The Kenya government has undertaken numerous reforms in the National Police Service with the main aim of restructuring the service and instituting interventions aimed at enhancing its efficacy. This study examines influence of police reforms on maintenance of law and order in Kenya. The objectives of this study were: to establish the influence of increased police workforce and police equipment on maintenance of law and order in Nakuru County. A descriptive survey research design was used to conduct the study. This study targeted 309 police officers in Nakuru Town East and West sub counties and 9 high ranking key personnel in charge of the management of the police. The sample size for the study was 101; 1CPC, 2 OCPDs; and 6 OCS; and 92 police officers. Data was collected from police officers by use of questionnaires while interviews schedules were used to collect data from high ranking officer and observation used to complement interviews. Data was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive analysis to generate descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, and standard deviations. Qualitative data collected from interviews, was analyzed thematically in accordance with the specific study objectives. Regression analysis was conducted to determine the influence of reforms on performance of police duties. The study established that increased police work force and police equipment significantly affected maintenance of law and order. The independent variables accounted for 67.6% variation in the maintenance of law and order. Further, 97.8% of the respondents indicated that there were no adequate police officers in Nakuru County to maintain law and order as the police officer: civilians ratio of 1:1081 falls below the recommended standard by the UN; 94.4% of police officers in Nakuru County indicated that they have adequate firearms, (85.6%) duty gear equipment, 97.8% riot gear equipment and well serviced & fuelled vehicles. However, 86.7% indicated that they lack police body armor and 90.0% adequate motor vehicles. The study also found out that there is minimal use of technology by the police in Nakuru County with 91.1% of police officers indicating that they use social media platforms, 98.1% modern communication equipment and Zoom for court proceedings. Therefore this study recommends that: The National Police Service Commission recruits sufficient police officers to maintain law and order; The NPSC fast tracks implementation of reforms in the recruitment and training of police officers; the NPSC facilitates the procurement of adequate equipment for the police especially motor vehicles and ballistic vests; and the digitalization of the OB and record management; the establishment of the surveillance centre and the forensic crime laboratory be cascaded down to the county level.

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