CORRELATE OF GENDER INFLUENCE ON STUDENT’S LOCUS OF CONTROL AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA

CORRELATE OF GENDER INFLUENCE ON STUDENT’S LOCUS OF CONTROL AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA

Margaret Murugi Njiru
Doctor of Philosophy in Educational Psychology Maasai Mara University, Kenya

Dr. Mwaura Kimani
School of Education, Maasai Mara University, Kenya

Dr. Boniface Ngaruiya
School of Education, University of Nairobi, Kenya

ABSTRACT

All educators and parents wish that students, who will ultimately be the future leaders and professionals, prosper academically. Nationally there has been a decline in academic achievement in secondary schools as indicated by the available statistics and Nairobi City County has not been left behind. Research indicates that attitude is considered as an important determinant of student’s achievement in an education setting. It is therefore necessary that learning institutions establish and clarify the cause of good academic achievement. This study sought to examine whether variation in gender influences locus of control and attitude towards academic achievement in public secondary school Nairobi County Kenya. The study was grounded on the Rotter’s (1954) social learning theory. The study employed correlational research design. The target population was 6460 form three secondary school’s students from Nairobi City County. Stratified random sampling was used to divide the schools into three strata namely boys boarding, girls boarding and mixed day schools. Simple random sampling was used to select 7 public schools; 2 boys boarding, 3 girls boarding and 2 mixed day schools. Simple random sampling was used to select 385 form three students (208 boys and 167 girls) through proportionate allocation. The research instruments comprised of Rotter’s locus of control scale -internal versus external (I-E) scale control, and academic attitude scale. The tools were administered after piloting to establish their suitability. Data was analyzed using both descriptive (percentages and mean) and inferential statistics (Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance and t-test). The findings showed that gender differences across attitude and locus of control scale scores, hence, the null hypothesis was rejected at 0.05 level of significant. The study recommends that school counselors facilitate groups that focus on acquiring an internal locus of control, engage in classroom guidance that focuses on the significance of internal locus of control and discourage use external locus of control in the student. The policy makers should come up with programs that train educators on the importance of locus of control and how to change the unfavorable locus of control of their students.

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THE CHALLENGES OF FISCAL AND MONETARY POLICIES IN SOMALIA AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE GROWTH RATE OF THE ECONOMY

Mohamed Osman Mahamed
Putland State University, Somalia

ABSTRACT

The general objective of this study was to the challenges of fiscal and monetary policies in Somalia and their impact on the growth rate of the economy. Specifically, the study investigated the role of selective credit controls, Reserve requirement, government expenditure and taxation on Economic growth. The monetary and fiscal policies play a significant role in development financial sector to any country. Central banks use the monetary policy and fiscal policy as tool to control the financial body. This study was conducted through a descriptive study. In addition the study employed a survey research design in data collection. The sampling procedure of this study is used nonprobability sampling procedure particularly stratified sampling to sample 37 commercial banks sector, HAWALAS, insurance companies and central bank. This research employed quantitative data collection method whereby data was gathered by the use of closed ended questionnaires which are self-administered. The data collected was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 and results shown in terms of frequency distribution and percentages. A regression model was applied to determine the relationship between selective credit controls, Reserve requirement, government expenditure and taxation as the independent variables and Economic growth as the dependent variable. The study established a positive relationship between selective credit controls policy, reserve requirement policy and Government expenditure on Economic growth in Somalia while taxation showed a negative relationship. The R square shows that the 79% of Economic growth (dependent variable) are explained by selective credit controls, reserve requirement, government expenditure and taxation policy (independent variables). The Study recommends that The central bank of Somalia should start the implementing the monetary policies and fiscal in order to enhance the financial stability, the central should draft the commercial bank regulations in Somalia and pass the parliament in order to restart its strangeness. The study also recommends that central bank of Somalia should print the new currency, because the monetary policy is all about the money demand and supply.

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IMPACT OF DEVOLVED HEALTH ON MATERNAL HEALTHCARE: THE CASE OF NYANDARUA COUNTY, KENYA

Wahome Catherine Wanjiru
Master of Arts in Gender and Development Studies, University of Nairobi, Kenya
Prof. Owuor Olungah
Lecturer, University of Nairobi, Kenya

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to understand how devolution had impacted maternal healthcare services within Nyandarua County. Over 30 women who were either attending antenatal or post-natal clinic were interviewed together with serving nurses, clinical officers and other health administrators within the County Referral facility. The study employed pure qualitative study approaches in obtaining feedback from service seekers and providers within the County. From the results, it was evident that the County government of Nyandarua had invested a lot in improvement of health infrastructure across its facilities and also in buying of equipment. The most frequently mentioned reason for this success in maternal health was however, the Linda Mama program implemented jointly by the National and County governments which guaranteed free delivery to pregnant mothers across all government facilities. The study concludes by recommending that the delivery of Linda Mama program must be promoted along with enrolling for National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) which further guarantees cover to the entire family unlike the later which only covers the mother. Employment of more staff to cope with the rising numbers of mothers seeking maternal health services was also a matter that requires urgent attention.

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EFFECTS OF FAMILY DISINTEGRATION CAUSES ON CHILD DEVELOPMENT IN MUGOIRI DIVISION, MURANG’A COUNTY

Anne Nyambura Mwangi
Scholar and Senior Chief Kiria Location, Murang’a County, Kenya
Dr. Carol Igoki
Lecturer, Murang’a University of Technology, Kenya
Prof. Clifford Machogu
Professor of Finance, School of Business and Economics, Murang’a University of Technology, Kenya

ABSTRACT

This article considers family disintegration as a process of couples parting ways while child development is the general physical, intellectual and mental progress of a minor.  In this study, family disintegration is caused by the following social conditions: drug abuse, level of education, religion and liberalism. This study sought to find out the association connecting social conditions to child development in Mugoiri Division, Murang’a County – Kenya. Both primary and secondary data were collected. Findings indicate that there is relationship between social conditions and child development. Drug abuse scores the highest at an aggregate mean of 87.28%, followed by religion 85.58%, liberalism 85.46% and level of education 83.56%. From the analysis, alcohol takes a lead as the highly abused drug by occupying 93.86% that causes conflicts affecting children development. The study recommends that Government intervenes in controlling alcohol consumption levels, its availability and supply. Further, to create counseling centres for married couples to enhance awareness concerning family preservation.

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EFFECTS OF TRAINING ON PERFORMANCE IN NATIONAL POLICE SERVICE IN KENYA: CASE OF GENERAL SERVICE UNIT OFFICERS, NAIROBI

Ziphorah Mulimi Kingoo
Master of Public Policy and Administration, Kenyatta University, Kenya
Dr. Jane Njoroge
School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Department of Public Policy, Kenyatta University, Kenya

ABSTRACT

The study sought to assess the effects of training on the performance of national police service. A case study of general service unit, Nairobi. Study focused on how Police training curriculum and facilities, professionalization of instructors and on job training affects performance in national police service. This study was informed by Disconfirmation theory and V’room expectancy theory. The site of the study was General Service Unit Headquarters - Ruaraka in Nairobi County in Kenya whereby primary data was collected from 400 officers of various ranks. Survey design was utilized to collect both qualitative and quantitative data from respondents. From the population of the study, the researcher used systematic random sampling to select 400 out of the 4000 officers of various ranks from General Service Unit Headquarters in Ruaraka.  Data was collected by the use of tools such as a structured questionnaire containing open and closed ended questions and an interview guide. The collected quantitative data in form of the completed questionnaires was analyzed using Microsoft excel. Qualitative data underwent content analysis. The researcher drew inferences and interpretations from both results which formed the basis of the study findings and conclusions. Training was found to be relevant. The study concluded that there is a positive and significant relationship between training and the performance of police officers in Kenya. The study recommended the national police service to improve on service quality dimensions, strengthen systems and processes and also intensify training for staff at the national police service. 

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